Tony Tascioglu
Tony Tascioglu
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Ethernet Switches Explained (L2/Link Layer Ethernet Switches & Hubs)
Many of us use layer 2/link layer Ethernet switches at work and at home for connecting multiple devices onto one network., but, how do they actually work? How are they different than the Ethernet hubs that came before, and why? How does a switch know where to send traffic despite (usually) having no UI or other external interface?
In this video, we explore network switches and hubs, and explore how they work and how they evolved!
Of course, since this is one of my videos, this also includes several fun tangents and side-lessons including a summary of the OSI layers (mostly 1-3), as well as an example of how a router in this situation would work with routing tables and interfaces, as well as a description of ARP and how it's used in a network.
We walk through all of these concepts with step by step examples of how packets would be sent and switched and added to switching tables, as well as a high level view of how everything on the network works!
Timestamps:
00:00 - Introduction
00:40 - Hubs and the Bus Topology
01:36 - Packets and Collisions
04:21 - Switches
05:53 - OSI Layers
10:45 - Routers
14:48 - ARP
21:22 - Intro to Switching Tables
24:19 - How Entries are Added
32:52 - Using the Table
33:37 - Back to Routers
37:00 - Switches are Transparent
38:21 - Chaining Switches
40:46 - Conclusion
Corrections/Errata:
(Please comment below if you spot a mistake!)
Notes:
04.00 - Ok so this is a bit of an exaggeration - it's why you didn't see 24 port hubs. The building in question was however using 24 port 3com 100mbit switches, with 4 port 100mbit hubs at the ends...
Sorry if it looks a little weird - I had to record at 540p due to a quick with the camera, and what you see is a blend of an AI upscale, a lanczos and an anti-aliased upscale...
Yes this is a long video - this is a bit of a recurring trend with my videos, but I didn't want to split it up in this case. Feel free to watch at 2x!
Thanks for watching! I hope this video helped you out!
Produced by Tony Tascioglu
tonytascioglu.com
Переглядів: 282

Відео

The USB Tree Explained (USB Hubs Aren't Magic)
Переглядів 3506 місяців тому
Most computers today use USB in one form or another. Let's talk a bit about how USB 2.0 and 3.0 devices, hubs, and controllers are laid out, and how the communication between them works. Timestamps: Coming soon. Yes this is a long video - this is a bit of a recurring trend with my videos, but I didn't want to split it up in this case. Feel free to watch at 2x! Thanks for Watching! Produced by T...
How Does Email Work? (Email Explained - Nerd Edition)
Переглядів 8806 місяців тому
Email is the most widely used communication medium in the world. Yet it operates on a very unique protocol, that isn't widely discussed. In this video, we dive in to how email works, how messages are sent and read, how attachments work, encryption, servers, centralization and much more. This video covers how various functionality of emails work, but without getting too technical. Timestamps: 00...
Thinkpad E495 - How to Upgrade RAM, SATA, M.2 SSD and WiFi
Переглядів 1,8 тис.7 місяців тому
In this video, I explain open up the Thinkpad E495 and show you how to upgrade the RAM, SATA SSD, M.2 SSD and WiFi card in the laptop. Notes: - RAM is 2x DDR4 SODIMM, runs at 2400 MT/s - SATA can be 2.5" SSD or HDD, 5V only - M.2 SSD can be M or M B key, 2242 or 2280 size - WiFi is M.2 E-key, dual antennas Produced by Tony Tascioglu tonytascioglu.com
Hardlinks vs Symlinks/Softlinks vs Reflinks Explained
Переглядів 2927 місяців тому
We commonly refer to links in Linux (and other *nix systems) as either hardlinks, symlinks or sometimes reflinks. But, what are these different types of links? How do they work? Which should you use? In this video, I explain how each of these work, the advantages and disadvantages, and when you should consider using them. Timestamps: 00:07 - Background information 06:16 - Hardlinks 15:04 - Syml...
Reduce Microphone Background Noise on Linux using PulseAudio Echo Cancellation
Переглядів 1,8 тис.8 місяців тому
NOTE: This is for the remaining PulseAudio users. There are better ways to do this if you're on Pipewire. It just took me 3 years to get around to editing and uploading this video after filming. In this video, I describe how you can use the standard PulseAudio echo cancellation to improve sound quality when on calls, when either you (or the person on the other end) is in a noisy environment or ...
ZFS Finally Has CoW Reflink Support on Linux!
Переглядів 8178 місяців тому
For a long time, ZFS has been missing support for reflinks found in other filesystems like Btrfs and XFS. That all changes now! OpenZFS 2.2.0 is introducing CoW reflinks to ZFS. In this video, I talk about what this means, as well as some of the limitations when it comes to links across datasets. One of the original issues on GitHub for reflink support: github.com/openzfs/zfs/issues/405 Pull re...
Lenovo Ideapad 3 - Upgradeability and Parts
Переглядів 1 тис.8 місяців тому
In this video, I explain open up the Lenovo Ideapad 3 shown previously on this channel, and investigate what parts can be upgraded to keep the computer running smoothly. Original video: ua-cam.com/video/ZEvuvXKWWOU/v-deo.html Produced by Tony Tascioglu wiki.tonytascioglu.com
Monitors 101 (Part 3) - OLEDs! (QD-OLED vs W-OLED, text fringing, burn in)
Переглядів 5569 місяців тому
Monitors! We use them every day, but there are many types and varieties of computer displays and monitors. In this video, I explain the fundamentals of computer monitors, the advantages and disadvantages of the various display and panel types, and even include demos. This is part 1 of this series! Part 1: ua-cam.com/video/r5Z9XL9ClY0/v-deo.html (Introduction and CRT vs LCD) Part 2: ua-cam.com/v...
Monitors 101 (Part 2) - LCD Panels and Backlights! (IPS vs VA vs TN, MiniLED vs LED)
Переглядів 1689 місяців тому
Monitors! We use them every day, but there are many types and varieties of computer displays and monitors. In this video, I explain the fundamentals of computer monitors, the advantages and disadvantages of the various display and panel types, and even include demos. This is part 2 of this series! Part 1: ua-cam.com/video/r5Z9XL9ClY0/v-deo.html (Introduction and CRT vs LCD) Part 3: ua-cam.com/v...
Monitors 101 (Part 1) - Fundamentals and CRT vs LCD (and the key components)!
Переглядів 1389 місяців тому
Monitors! We use them every day, but there are many types and varieties of computer displays and monitors. In this video, I explain the fundamentals of computer monitors, the advantages and disadvantages of the various display and panel types, and even include demos. This is part 1 of this series! Part 2: ua-cam.com/video/hIUjlNcv_M0/v-deo.html (LCD Panel and Backlight Types) Part 3: ua-cam.com...
Monitors Explained! - LCD vs OLED, IPS vs VA, MiniLED and more! (Full Video)
Переглядів 5699 місяців тому
Monitors! We use them every day, but there are many types and varieties of computer displays and monitors. In this video, I explain the fundamentals of computer monitors, the advantages and disadvantages of the various display and panel types, and even include demos. Full video too long? I have also broken this up into a 3 part series if you prefer. Part 1: ua-cam.com/video/r5Z9XL9ClY0/v-deo.ht...
How to Configure Monitors with Sway on Linux
Переглядів 1 тис.Рік тому
Sway is a tiling window manager like i3 but for wayland using the wlroots compositor. Since wayland is very different compared to XOrg/X11, you can't use the same commands like xrandr. In this video, I show how to use swaymsg to configure displays (mode, resolution, position, refresh rate, etc) from the command line on Sway. Note that for the average user, a graphical interface like wdisplays i...
Videos are NOT stored in RGB - YUV vs RGB and Digital Color Explained
Переглядів 4,7 тис.Рік тому
A common misconception is that digital video is processed and stored as RGB data. At first glance, this might sound reasonable - after all, the input on the camera sensor is RGBG, and your display is RGB. However, this is not the case! Videos are typically stored as YUV (or technically YCbCr in the digital realm). Why? Well, in this video, we explore digital colour and how we encode and represe...
How to Build a DIY Workstation/Server PC! (Build Guide Part 3)
Переглядів 530Рік тому
This is the final part of the series! In this video, I show you how to assemble a custom PC using the parts selected in part 2. We go over common mistakes and any specifics you should pay attention to when you're assembling and putting your PC together. While I focus on this workstation PC in this video, the same process is applicable for gaming or general office PCs. If you're curious about wh...
How to Easily Deduplicate Files On Linux Using rmlint!
Переглядів 2,4 тис.Рік тому
How to Easily Deduplicate Files On Linux Using rmlint!
How to Choose Parts for a Budget Linux Server/Workstation PC (Build Guide Part 2)
Переглядів 998Рік тому
How to Choose Parts for a Budget Linux Server/Workstation PC (Build Guide Part 2)
2 vs 3 vs 4 Pin Computer Fans Explained (and Which Should You Buy?)
Переглядів 53 тис.Рік тому
2 vs 3 vs 4 Pin Computer Fans Explained (and Which Should You Buy?)
DIY Budget Linux Server/Workstation PC Build Guide! (Part 1)
Переглядів 2,1 тис.Рік тому
DIY Budget Linux Server/Workstation PC Build Guide! (Part 1)
Audio vs Video vs Data Tapes Explained (How We Store So Much Information Using Electromagnets)
Переглядів 544Рік тому
Audio vs Video vs Data Tapes Explained (How We Store So Much Information Using Electromagnets)
Lenovo Ideapad 3 Unboxing and First Impressions
Переглядів 344Рік тому
Lenovo Ideapad 3 Unboxing and First Impressions
Zip vs Tar.gz Files Explained and Compared (Archiving and the DEFLATE algorithm)
Переглядів 9 тис.2 роки тому
Zip vs Tar.gz Files Explained and Compared (Archiving and the DEFLATE algorithm)
Binaural Audio & Psychoacoustics Explained (What is "8D" music and how is it created?)
Переглядів 1,1 тис.2 роки тому
Binaural Audio & Psychoacoustics Explained (What is "8D" music and how is it created?)
How to Shuck/Open WD MyBook/EasyStore/Elements External Hard Drives
Переглядів 62 тис.2 роки тому
How to Shuck/Open WD MyBook/EasyStore/Elements External Hard Drives
Set Custom Resolutions and Refresh Rates on Linux X11 using XRandR
Переглядів 13 тис.2 роки тому
Set Custom Resolutions and Refresh Rates on Linux X11 using XRandR
Linux Audio Explained (ALSA vs PulseAudio vs JACK vs Pipewire Explained)
Переглядів 135 тис.2 роки тому
Linux Audio Explained (ALSA vs PulseAudio vs JACK vs Pipewire Explained)
How To Loopback/Monitor a Microphone using Pulseaudio on Linux
Переглядів 10 тис.3 роки тому
How To Loopback/Monitor a Microphone using Pulseaudio on Linux
How To Mount an External Hard Drive on Linux Without UAS/SCSI (smartctl on Seagate drive)
Переглядів 3,9 тис.3 роки тому
How To Mount an External Hard Drive on Linux Without UAS/SCSI (smartctl on Seagate drive)
How to Map a Wacom Tablet to a Single Monitor on Linux
Переглядів 7 тис.3 роки тому
How to Map a Wacom Tablet to a Single Monitor on Linux
How To Program WS2812 LEDs with FastLED and an Arduino
Переглядів 9 тис.3 роки тому
How To Program WS2812 LEDs with FastLED and an Arduino

КОМЕНТАРІ

  • @prenumenume7498
    @prenumenume7498 2 дні тому

    As much as you would think that this videos is useless, It really helped me. I am working at a diy project and because I am using pc fans and I need to know how to use them. And guess what ? All you get on the specification sheet for the fans is "pin 3 signal" without telling you what the hell that "signal" even means. Thank you for the video.

  • @arijanj
    @arijanj 2 дні тому

    Great video, thank you!!

  • @richardleonard2946
    @richardleonard2946 5 днів тому

    That was very informative. I came here because I recently bought a Hyperdrum virtual drum kit which allegedly connects via MIDI over Bluetooth to a PC running a DAW. I run Ubuntu Linux and discovered that MIDI over Bluetooth on Linux is troublesome at best and I haven't got it working yet with QTractor. One suggestion was to install Ubuntu Studio which they say comes with all the required audio stuff, eliminating the need to find pieces separately and potentially missing things and generally screwing the system up. Still haven't got it working. But we will persevere. I now have a better understanding of Linux audio and the relationships between all the different parts which hopefully will help. Any suggestions from anyone are most welcome. Thank you. P.S. Can't get it working on a Windows machine either... no that I really want to.

  • @sammikinsderp
    @sammikinsderp 7 днів тому

    This is a really great explainer on a rather confusing subject.

  • @joãopedrothejohn
    @joãopedrothejohn 10 днів тому

    how can i remove it now, i cant change on arandr

  • @bestonyoutube
    @bestonyoutube 12 днів тому

    I tried this on latest OBS Studio but I cant get it to work. Connecting form other PC on Windows with VLC doesnt work, it says cant open socket. Opening locally VLC also doesnt work, it just shows audio no video. I followed all the settings you showed in the video.

  • @kbcsports5098
    @kbcsports5098 20 днів тому

    Thanks a lot Tony.. I worked in pulseaudio and I really loved this piece of software... It's just a bit heavy for embedded systems... for eg: AudioFlinger is not as heavy as PA

  • @thomasmyers8227
    @thomasmyers8227 20 днів тому

    What would my Email account be 1:29

  • @OscarCedano
    @OscarCedano 22 дні тому

    Good Video!

  • @kazemzahedi1047
    @kazemzahedi1047 23 дні тому

    Hi Thanks for the great video. I have a set of DMX512 LED pixel lights. These are plane basic fixtures. Can I use QLC+ to set the address of the fixtures, before I can use them

  • @ruidamas8494
    @ruidamas8494 23 дні тому

    2:44 ... wrong ::: alsa does support software mixing and applications can play at the same time... is what i use.

  • @BurningDrake39
    @BurningDrake39 28 днів тому

    I feel like I can lecture people about this now, thx

  • @hasanaltntas2802
    @hasanaltntas2802 28 днів тому

    Harika! Sunum için teşekkürler. :)

  • @PlayJewel
    @PlayJewel 29 днів тому

    Is there any way i can force the 3pin fan to run at higher than rated rpm? Like increasing the voltage beyond 12v? Its installed in a pc case connected to my motherboard. Although i would not like to risk my motherboard, i dont care if the fans die.

  • @Daniel_VolumeDown
    @Daniel_VolumeDown Місяць тому

    Pipewire works fine on my PC but pulseaudio allowed me to to create loopback module (hearing my mic on my headphones) with lower latency. I can set in in pulseaudio to 1ms (or at least that is what i specified in commend) and it works fine. When I tried to do that in pipewire (either via the same command as in pulseaudio or via some pipewire alternative) then there was some wired pops and audio compressions or something that were making this not good at all so I needed to change to (I am not sure if I remember correctly) something like 20ms

  • @HarrisonRowntree
    @HarrisonRowntree Місяць тому

    Absolutely perfect explanation of what I was missing in my knowledge. Thanks for putting the effort into making the video. Also, if you haven't already, shave your head bald. You'll look like a badass.

  • @jamesmason7124
    @jamesmason7124 Місяць тому

    Hi I'm new to Linux and I can't get the sound working on my Panasonic toughbook cf-19z mk8 laptop, do you have any advice

  • @FlamingSwordful
    @FlamingSwordful Місяць тому

    Insanely good video, thx king

  • @marcelozapata527
    @marcelozapata527 Місяць тому

    Genius!

  • @fekkyb
    @fekkyb Місяць тому

    In Windows Firewire Audio Interfaces just WORK. f.e. M-Audio Profire 610. Today still works in windows. It just works. Do you know if Ubuntu Studio v24.04 today, supports Firewire to the point where it works right away ? So far I have NOT seen Linux working smoothly with Firewire. BS Firewire devices are used a lot today. If you were a musician you would know and why. I think Linux is very OVER RATED. If you have a cheap computer with cheap computer speakers. Just the very basics. Linux is fine. If you are a serious Musician who uses firewire devices BECAUSE THEY WORK GREAT. Linux is NOT for you. You’ll have to get your self some cheap USB device. All OS work with USBs. Firewire is for those who want quality audio.

  • @I_good_at_alaphabet
    @I_good_at_alaphabet Місяць тому

    Thank you for this

  • @NSDaishi
    @NSDaishi Місяць тому

    If i want to wire the fans into house wires. Should i wire them in parallel or series so they split the volts? Cause 120V is a lot.

  • @kyledupont7711
    @kyledupont7711 Місяць тому

    I have found that a custom reslolution at 75 or 80hz is great for gaming, its a good balance between a frame rate you can maintain, while being significantly more smooth compared to 60hz. This is ideal for games that have questionable gsync or freesync

  • @lortega70
    @lortega70 Місяць тому

    Thank you very much for that, Tony! Much appreciated.

  • @KemetSon
    @KemetSon Місяць тому

    Can you slow a little bit Big fan from Egypt

  • @georgetimm8203
    @georgetimm8203 Місяць тому

    Thank-you for excellent lecture on 2 vs 3 vs 4 pin fans. You were clear and concise with the operations of each fan.

  • @neptronix
    @neptronix Місяць тому

    Thank you so much!!!!!!

  • @Popart-xh2fd
    @Popart-xh2fd Місяць тому

    Any compressor for mics?

  • @DCCCXVII
    @DCCCXVII Місяць тому

    So frustrating. I used to play CS2 with 4:3 1280x960 @ 165hz on Windows, but since switching to linux (lubuntu), I only have 60hz as an option in my monitor settings, and when I use xrandr to add my custom 1280x960 @ 165hz, it just gives me BadName (named color or font does not exist) and some other stuff. Really, REALLY annoying.

  • @trevor1564
    @trevor1564 Місяць тому

    Is there a way to have the scenes fade between

  • @alex1_1montero
    @alex1_1montero Місяць тому

    →GRACIAS POR TU GRAN AYUDA ( ESTE PIPEWIRE & PULSE ) UNIÓN TRAE ERRORES FATAL DEJA DE GRABAR O SE DESACTIVA EL AUDIO → Piewire No Trae Salida HDMI Audio tiene Fallas el Pulse audio Mejor Nunca Pasa Antiguedad Grado [ Dejar quieto Lo Q Funciona ]

  • @alex1_1montero
    @alex1_1montero Місяць тому

    →GRACIAS POR TU GRAN AYUDA ( ESTE PIPEWIRE & PULSE ) UNIÓN TRAE ERRORES FATAL DEJA DE GRABAR O SE DESACTIVA EL AUDIO → Piewire No Trae Salida HDMI Audio tiene Fallas el Pulse audio Mejor Nunca Pasa Antiguedad Grado [ Dejar quieto Lo Q Funciona ]

  • @jamesbaxter2812
    @jamesbaxter2812 Місяць тому

    Sir, I am going through your vid, I tried to go through mine. I am getting the same thing as you are. I can't get it to work. I also have a USB drive for backup. Can you help

  • @zeebpc
    @zeebpc Місяць тому

    pactl load-module module-loopback

  • @Accidic
    @Accidic Місяць тому

    Molex is a company who make a myriad of connector types, not just the 4pins from pcs. Their extremely helpful and can be utilized to make some incredibly cleanly wired installs.

  • @roa4031
    @roa4031 Місяць тому

    I can stream on the same PC but not another pc...

  • @jasonblazgk9973
    @jasonblazgk9973 2 місяці тому

    Good overview of this tool, thanks

  • @urzicaioan6509
    @urzicaioan6509 2 місяці тому

    is not useless.....thks for this..

  • @michaelromeo5658
    @michaelromeo5658 2 місяці тому

    HI, will this work with any led light strip manufacturer..not sure what mine is

  • @Windcolors
    @Windcolors 2 місяці тому

    You very failing by VA! VA havent a good viewing Angle! And 8+2 is by IPS too, this 10+2 by IPS is only by very high pricing Displays for Professionals and not for consumer

  • @Lydus
    @Lydus 2 місяці тому

    Super helpful video, thx!

  • @PrimalBlaziken
    @PrimalBlaziken 2 місяці тому

    Love this, getting what I wanted from a computer/electronics engineering degree without any of the homework, definitely revisiting this in a year when refreshing up on the techs, unless I never forget or a tech renaissance happens and most of the goes the way of plasma (opposed to crt's which have the hearts of retro gamers)

  • @szymonpiechutowski2340
    @szymonpiechutowski2340 2 місяці тому

    Thanks for a very useful video!

  • @kmrad_k
    @kmrad_k 2 місяці тому

    Yo Tony, where'd you learn your theory on the variety of encoders and formats? I'm about to research it, and you seem to have wisdom, any book recommendations? (Curiosity for a Computer Engineer major)

  • @tirthvora5061
    @tirthvora5061 2 місяці тому

    great I was searching this for a long time!

  • @randomdamian
    @randomdamian 2 місяці тому

    Awesome video!

  • @josephmccarthy9228
    @josephmccarthy9228 2 місяці тому

    Gracias por el contenido, me ayudo Like + sub

  • @ArunKumar-zd4ue
    @ArunKumar-zd4ue 2 місяці тому

    Thank you !! GReat video

  • @alfredgomes3074
    @alfredgomes3074 2 місяці тому

    Thanks a lot.

  • @JacobSpeer
    @JacobSpeer 2 місяці тому

    This video helped me grasp things that I wouldn't have known how to search or troubleshoot. I've been able to solve a problem on my PC thanks to you! Appreciate the info 👍